What is Mpox? Symptoms, Transmission, and Preventive Measures

Mpox, also known as Monkeypox, is a rare viral disease that has recently gained attention due to a rise in confirmed cases. While it shares some similarities with smallpox, mpox is generally less severe. Understanding its symptoms, transmission, and preventive measures is crucial for managing and mitigating its spread.

What is Mpox?

Mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The virus was first discovered in 1958 in laboratory monkeys, hence the name. However, it is believed to be more commonly carried by rodents. Human cases were first identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Symptoms of Mpox

The symptoms of mpox typically appear within 7 to 14 days after exposure but can range from 5 to 21 days. The illness usually begins with flu-like symptoms and progresses to a rash. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the symptoms:

1. Initial Symptoms (Prodromal Phase)
   • Fever: Sudden onset of high fever.
   • Headache: Severe headache often accompanies the fever.
   • Muscle Aches: Myalgia and muscle pains.
   • Backache: Lower back pain.
   • Swollen Lymph Nodes: Lymphadenopathy, which distinguishes mpox from similar diseases like smallpox.
   • Chills: Feeling cold and shivering.
   • Exhaustion: General fatigue and malaise.
2. Rash Development
   • The rash usually starts within 1 to 3 days after the initial symptoms.
   • Location: It often begins on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body, including the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
   • Stages of Rash:
     • Macules: Flat, red spots.
     • Papules: Raised bumps.
     • Vesicles: Fluid-filled blisters.
     • Pustules: Pus-filled lesions.
     • Scabs: Lesions eventually crust over and scab.

Transmission of Mpox

Mpox can spread through various routes:

• Direct Contact: With the blood, bodily fluids, or cutaneous or mucosal lesions of infected animals or humans.
• Respiratory Droplets: Prolonged face-to-face contact can lead to transmission via respiratory droplets.
• Contaminated Objects: Handling items such as bedding or clothing that have been in contact with an infected individual.

Steps to Follow for Prevention and Management

Preventing the spread of mpox involves several public health measures and personal precautions:

1. Stay Informed
   • Keep updated with reliable sources like the World Health Organisation (WHO) and local health departments.
   • Be aware of outbreaks in your area or places you plan to visit.
2. Vaccination
   • The smallpox vaccine has been shown to provide protection against Mpox.
   • Consult healthcare providers about vaccination, especially if you are in an area with known cases.
3. Personal Hygiene
   • Wash hands regularly with soap and water.
   • Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers if soap and water are unavailable.
4. Avoid Contact
   • Limit contact with animals that could harbor the virus, particularly in regions with known mpox cases.
   • Avoid close contact with individuals showing symptoms of Mpox.
5. Protective Measures
   • Wear masks and gloves when caring for infected individuals.
   • Ensure proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials.
6. Isolate Infected Individuals
   • Infected persons should be isolated to prevent the spreading of the virus.
   • Healthcare facilities should follow strict infection control measures.
7. Seek Medical Attention
   • If you suspect you have been exposed or show symptoms, seek medical advice promptly.
   • Early diagnosis and supportive care can significantly improve outcomes.

Mpox is a rare but serious disease that requires vigilance and proactive measures to control its spread. By understanding its symptoms and transmission routes, and by following recommended preventive steps, we can effectively manage and reduce the impact of this virus. Stay informed, practice good hygiene, and consult healthcare professionals when necessary to ensure the safety and health of yourself and those around you.