Understanding the Link Between Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide, with millions at risk of developing severe complications. In South Africa alone, 4.2 million people live with diabetes, many of whom may unknowingly be on the path to kidney failure.
How Diabetes Leads to Kidney Disease
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs when prolonged high blood sugar levels damage the kidneys’ delicate blood vessels. Over time, this impairs the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood.
A staggering 40% of individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes develop DKD, and without intervention, this can lead to kidney failure. At this stage, patients may require dialysis or a kidney transplant. The cost of dialysis in South Africa can reach up to R450,000 per patient annually, posing a significant financial burden on individuals and the healthcare system.
Symptoms of Diabetic Kidney Disease
In the early stages, kidney disease may present no symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, signs may include:
✅ Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet
✅ Frequent urination, especially at night
✅ Fatigue and weakness
✅ Nausea and vomiting
✅ Shortness of breath
✅ High blood pressure that is difficult to control
The Importance of Early Detection
Early detection can slow kidney damage and improve long-term health outcomes. Experts recommend two key tests:
- Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) – Detects early signs of kidney damage by measuring protein levels in urine.
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) – A blood test that assesses kidney function by calculating how efficiently they filter waste.
Routine screening is crucial, especially for people with diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease.
How to Protect Your Kidneys if You Have Diabetes
Taking control of diabetes is the best way to prevent kidney disease. Here are some essential steps:
1️⃣ Control Blood Sugar Levels
✅ Regularly monitor blood glucose
✅ Follow a balanced, low-sugar diet
✅ Take prescribed medications
2️⃣ Manage Blood Pressure
✅ Aim for a blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg
✅ Reduce salt intake
✅ Exercise regularly
3️⃣ Maintain a Healthy Diet
✅ Focus on low-sodium, low-fat meals
✅ Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
✅ Limit processed foods and sugary beverages
4️⃣ Stay Active
✅ Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week
✅ Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the kidneys
5️⃣ Avoid Smoking and Excessive Alcohol
✅ Smoking damages blood vessels and accelerates kidney damage
✅ Alcohol can raise blood pressure, increasing kidney disease risk
6️⃣ Get Regular Check-Ups
✅ Routine tests help detect early signs of kidney disease
✅ Consult a doctor for personalized diabetes and kidney care
Understanding Blood Glucose Levels
Blood glucose tests are vital for diagnosing and managing diabetes. Here’s what the numbers mean:
| Test Type | Normal Range | Insulin Resistant | Diabetic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting Blood Glucose | ≤5.6 mmol/L | 6.0 – 6.9 mmol/L | ≥7.0 mmol/L |
| Random Blood Glucose | ≤5.6 mmol/L | 5.6 – 11.1 mmol/L | >11.1 mmol/L |
If your results indicate insulin resistance or diabetes, lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent complications.
Take Action: Protect Your Kidneys Today
Diabetes and kidney disease are silent but serious threats that require proactive management. Early detection, healthy lifestyle choices, and regular medical check-ups can significantly reduce the risk of kidney failure.
“Your kidneys are essential – take care of them by managing your diabetes effectively.”
Also read: 10 Simple Ways to Cut Sugar Off Your Diet
